Animals Are Good Essay -- essays research papers

cures await discovery. Although the list is pretty much endless, here are some examples, by decade, including the main species used that were crucial to the discovery: Pre-1900: Treatment for rabies (dogs, rabbits), smallpox (cows), anthrax (sheep). 1900s: Cardiac catheterization techniques (dogs, rabbits), treatment for rickets (dogs). 1920s: Discovery of insulin (dogs). 1930s: Development of modern anesthesia (dogs), prevention of tetanus (horses), development of anticoagulants (cats). 1940s: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (rabbits, monkeys), discovery of the RH factor (monkeys), prevention of diptheria (horses), antibiotics (rats, mice, rabbits, etc), treatment for whooping cough (pigs and rabbits). 1950s: Prevention of polio (rabbits, monkeys, rodents), discovery of DNA (rats and mice), development of open-heart surgery and pacemaker (dogs), development of cancer chemotherapy (monkeys, rabbits and rodents). 1960s: Development of lithium treatment (rats and guinea pigs), prevention of rubella (monkeys). 1970s: Prevention of measles (monkeys), treatment for leprosy (monkeys, armadillos), heart bypass surgery (dogs). 1980s: Development of monoclonal antibodies for treating diseases (mice, rabbits), organ transplant advances (dogs, sheep, cows and pigs). 1990s: Laproscopic surgical techniques (pigs), breast cancer genetic and environmental links (fruit flies, mice and rats), gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (mice and primates). It is often hard to c...

Brain Development Essay

The first eight years of a child’s life are not only the most important years of a child’s life, but also the most rapid period of human development throughout a human life. These years are critical to the emotional and physical growth of a child. By the age of four, half of a person’s intelligence potential has already been developed and early childhood experiences can have a lasting effect on personality, behavior, and learning. (Early, 2001) These first eight years of life are broken down into the first two years, early childhood, and middle childhood. Throughout these three stages of life, the brain does most of its developing and determines the life that person will lead. The developing of a child’s brain falls upon the interactions and experiences a child has with its parents and any other primary caregivers in the beginning of life. During the first two years of a child’s life, a lot occurs in their brain which is essential to their life. Whe n a child is born, about seventy percent of their neurons are located in their cortex. (Berger, 2010) In an infant, the cortex is made up of thin layers of tissues that cover the brain and make the thought process possible. The layers related to the basic senses tend to mature pretty early in an infant’s life, but the prefrontal cortex is one that matures late. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for anticipation, planning, and impulse control and is practically inoperative during the first few months of life. It doesn’t start to mature until childhood and continues to through adolescence and adulthood. (Boyd, 2010) Areas of the brain are very important for basic needs to live such as breathing and heartbeat deep in the skull. Emotions and impulses are controlled somewhere in the middle of the brain and perception and cognition are in the cortex. Even though at birth the brain contains more neurons than it needs, it contains fewer dendrites and synapses than it will obtain throughout life. In the cortex, the growth of synapses, axons, and dendrites takes place quickly in the first months and years of an infant’s life. This causes the brain weight to triple by the age of two. In addition, five times as many dendrites and one hundred trillion synapses are present by the age of two. This large growth of dendrites is followed by pruning. Pruning is the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die, so that new ones can grow. (Berger, 2010) Pruning is very important in the development of a healthy  brain. If there is too much or too little pruning going on, problems can oc cur. When there is too little pruning, children make have intellectual disabilities that makes thinking difficult, such as autism. When there is too much pruning, it can lead to a reduction of brain activity. (Berger, 2010) Infant brains to not develop correctly if they lack certain experiences that all humans need, such as stimulation. Babies need to be played with and talked to during their first years in order to encourage movement and allow sensations. If babies are not talked to or played with, it can stunt the brain. Infants are satisfied with even the most simple objects and facial expressions. Human brains are designed to grow and adapt with whatever object they have available and whoever provides them with every day attention. Every baby will go through a stressful experience here and there, but it is patterns of mistreatment that harm their brain, not moments. (Berger, 2010) The most important parts of the brain develop during early childhood. Between the ages of two and six, planning, thinking, social awareness, and language occur in the cortex. It is during early childhood when the prefrontal cortex starts to mature. This allows young children to begin to plan ahead and even think about the past. (Berger, 2010) The biggest increase in brain weight after the first two years is because of myelination. Myelination continues for years and it is a life-long process, but is most apparent in early childhood. It speeds the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons and becomes pivotal when multiple thoughts and actions have to take place all at once. (Boyd, 2010) By time m ost children turn six, they can see object and name them, catch a ball and throw it, and write and say their ABC’s in order. It is important that when children are doing these things, that the adults in their lives are patient. The only way children are going to learn how to tie their shoes, write their name, or get dressed, is if they do it on their own with a little help from a parent. If a parent is constantly yelling at a child to hurry or take over, their child will always think that they can’t do it by themselves. (Berger, 2010) In early childhood, children have the tendency to stick to a thought for a long time instead of switching to another. This is why children at this stage have difficulty sorting objects. Once a child is told to sort something by color and do it correctly, if they are told to next sort by shape, they try to sort by color again. However, something in  the brain matures between ages three and five that allows children to grow out of perseveration. (Berger, 2010) The corpus callosum grows rapidly during early childhood. This long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right sides of the brain ,make communication between the hemispheres better and allows children to coordinate both sides of the brain and the body. (Boyd, 2010) If the corpus callosum does not mature, it could result in serious disorders such as autism. It is important that children can coordinate both sides of the brain because both sides are normally involved in every skill, even though both sides do diff erent things. (Berger, 2010) The amygdala, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus are crucial to emotional expression and regulation during early childhood. The amygdala registers positive and negative emotion, including fear. Increased activity in the amygdala can cause young children to have nightmares or phobias. (Berger, 2010) Located next to the amygdala, the hippocampus is in control of memory. Children are able to remember memories they had at certain locations that will follow them through adulthood. The hypothalamus responds to symbols from both of these parts of the brain. The hypothalamus produces a hormone called cortisol to activate parts of the brain and body. As all three of these parts of the brain develop, children pay close attention to their parents’ emotions. If they sense that their parent is scared or worried, they will also develop fear. (Berger, 2010) Brain maturation in young children is advanced, but like in infants, experience and parental relationships has an impact too. Brain maturation only increases more throughout middle childhood. Since the brain has no areas specific for reading like it does for talking, gestures, and expressions, humans have to learn to read on their own. This is possible because of massive interconnections between the parts of the brain that deal with sounds, vision, and comprehending. (Berger, 2010) These â€Å"massive interconnections† are not only needed for reading but for many other social skills as well. Several parts of the brain connect to enable for many activities, reading, writing, logic, and social decisions. Children require more connections than adults because they often use more parts of their brain for activities than adults do. (Boyd, 2010) The older that children get, the quicker their reaction time gets. In middle childhood, children are more efficient learners because of their more speedy reactions. In addition  to thinking quickly, children are able to pay more attention in middle childhood. As children get older, they get better at concentrating on one stimuli and ignoring others. They are more able to focus on one thing and not get distracted by others. This usually happens by the age of seven. (Berger, 2010) In middle childhood children also learn how to do math. They adopt newer, better strategies to solve math problems. Although they aren’t always perfect, they can usually find the right answer. In children during middle adulthood they may know the answer one day, but it isn’t permanently in their brain and they may not know they answer the next day. (Berger, 2010) Another way children advance in middle childhood is through memory. They are better at connecting their past knowledge to what they are doing in that moment. Children realize that some things should be remembered and they begin to strategies like repeating themselves in order to remember them. Th ey also use strategies like visual clues such as remember how a word looks or auditory clues like remembering how a word sounds. In middle childhood children’s memory becomes more adaptive and they are able to learn from their parents, teachers, and friends. (Berger, 2010) From the time children are born until they reach adolescence they are developing rapidly in their brain and bodies. Although most of the development of the brain during childhood is genetic, it is so important for parents to interact with their children, be patient with them, teach them new things, and set the best example they can for their children so they can become healthy adults. Brain development doesn’t stop after childhood, but continues to develop throughout adulthood. Almost all of the brain development takes place during childhood and the first several years of a person’s life are the most important to their personality and their future. â€Å"References† Early Childhood Development: The Key to a Full and Productive Life. New York: UNICEF, 2001. PDF. (Early, 2001) Berger, Kathleen Stassen. Invitation to the Life Span. Second ed. New York: Worth, 2010. Print. (Berger, 2010) Boyd, Denise Roberts., and Helen L. Bee. The Growing Child. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2010. Print. (Boyd, 2010)

The Community Teaching Plan Presentation For Stroke...

Providing educations in public and health community can improve the person’s health and promote good health. The community teaching plan presentation for stroke was to inform people to use preventive measure and learn about maintaining good health and active lifestyle. The target for the community was to educate them to prevent stroke disease since it has affected people younger than age of 55. The selected topic was discussed based on statistic and people suffered from disease and prevention strategies. The paper will discuss about the summary of teaching plan with explanation of epidemiologic rationale, evaluation of teaching experience, community response as well as the areas of strength and improvement needed. After assessing the educational needs of community of Yolo County, California, the topic of stroke primary prevention and health promotion was decided to educate the population based on their health problems. Many of the elderly have co-morbidities with chronic disea se such as diabetes, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, but they need education to prevent risk factors and protect them from disease. The community teaching work plan proposal was completed and discussed with Brenda Figueroa at Sutter Davis Hospital to get approval from agency as well as scheduling for teaching on stroke topic. After reviewing the plan, the agency authorized to provide education on stroke on September 14th, 2016. The teaching session was held around 10:00 am in the morning at theShow MoreRelatedOutline Of Teaching Plan Presentation With Powerpoint Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesSummary of teaching plan Church of Temper city was selected to perform the teaching plan presentation with PowerPoint. It was focused on Primary Prevention/Health Promotion. 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It seems necessary to provide a health promotion plan in helping this community better manage their riskRead MoreCommunity Teaching Workplan Proposal1300 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Teaching Work Plan Proposal Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics which will be chosen within your CLC group: 1) Bioterrorism/Disaster 2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: |Name and Credentials of Teacher: Read MoreEssay about Nola J. Pender Theorist2696 Words   |  11 PagesRunning head: In-Depth Theorist Presentation, Nola J. Pender, Health Promotion Model 1 In-Depth Theorist Presentation, Nola J. Pender Health Promotion Model Jennifer D’Andrea Description of the theory The Health Promotion Model (HPM), designed by Nola J. Pender, describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health while increasing their level of well-being. Pender offers a theory thatRead MorePublic Health and Healthy Communities1238 Words   |  5 Pagesimproving the overall health of communities through various interventions, focusing on prevention rather than treatment. These preventative measures include but are not limited to sanitizing drinking water, implementing immunizations to eradicate infectious diseases, and creating many programs that promote behaviors beneficial for a healthy community. What is a healthy community? According to the publication Healthy People in Healthy Communities, a healthy community is â€Å"one that embraces the beliefRead MoreThe Road Of Rural Oklahoma2579 Words   |  11 PagesOklahoma is filled with small farm communities and small towns. Towns where everyone knows everyone and family i s of major importance. Pond Creek Oklahoma is one of those communities with a census approximately 856 residents located in Grant County (Pond Creek, Oklahoma, 2015). This town has strong Christian roots and you get the feel of family, football, and love. There is a small variety of businesses and churches but the primary source of income for the community is agricultural. It isn’t uncommonRead MorePreventive Strategies For Preventing Osteoporosis1781 Words   |  8 Pagespopulation, osteoporosis is expected to be seen with a higher incidence in the elderly. As osteoporosis has a silent course, proper methods of screening, diagnosis, and treatment are of vital importance. Fragility fracture is occasionally the first presentation of osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures has been reported to increase with age and over 50% of the incidents occurring in menopausal women aged 75 years. 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Keywords: schizophrenia, physical activity, serious mental illness Capstone Project A problem frequently found in the outpatient mental health clinic, inpatient facilities and within the community is the lack of importance placed on physical activity being part of the schizophrenic patient’s life. There needs to be a shift to encourage the mental health nurse, the treating psychiatrist and the clinical team to take the time to educate theRead MoreHealth And Life Style Of Graduate Students At Central Michigan University6928 Words   |  28 Pagesmanagement system. 2. Preference to interventional methods rather than preventive medicine. 3. Disorganized health care system. 4. Practice of defensive medicine, like unwanted tests and diagnosis to avoid liability and lawsuit issues. 5. Lack of primary care physicians at the entry level. 6. High cost of drugs. 7. Health care system in the hands of insurance companies who paid physicians on the quantity of patients treated rather than on the quality of care provided. Research Problem Chronic

A Summary And Critique Of This Article - 1450 Words

The summary and critique of this article brings to light some of the issues we are certain to face in the near future, and an approach to fixing an expected crisis of neglected quality of life among aging populations. It is evident older individuals were not primary targets for health promotion and disease-prevention programs, and it is being distinctively realized as the generation of the baby boom produces a large increase in this elderly population pool. With an increase in longevity due to advances in medicine, there is a dire need to address this neglect to individuals after they reach a certain age. This should have been noticed before, but it is easier to see the problem now, as there are more people currently and expected to be impacted. There is a prevalence of having an ageist stereotypical mindset in our country as a whole, and this article depicts the negative impact of ageist stereotypes on health, functioning, and well-being of the elderly population. After acknowledgin g the fact of ageist stereotypes being commonplace, this article discusses strategies to put in effect which will diminish the credibility of ageist stereotypes and will foster an environment where older adults may live a respected, fulfilling lifestyle. The article begins by presenting statistics of the current age demographics in America. This was published in 2003, when one in eight Americans were aged sixty five or greater, and there was an increase in people living into their 80s, 90s, andShow MoreRelatedThe View Of Conduction Great Critique Sessions1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreading discussion/reflection journal for this week: Article #1 Goods, Bads, and Dailies: Lessons for Conducting Great Critiques Summary The article discuss about the view of conduction great critiques sessions. Pixar Dailies is one of their techniques use in their meeting â€Å"The Chosen One† where it described â€Å"four of the young magicians perform a five-minute routine and then receive critique from the other kids in the group†(). They are 3 roles player into this techniques: presenter, facilitator, andRead MoreArticle Summary And Critique Of Intranets Can Mitigate Business Risks By James Robertson1072 Words   |  5 Pages Article Summary and Critique Charisa Garbo California Intercontinental University Introduction Information system management and practices have been a key driver to the success of many businesses in the 21st century (McNurlin, Sprague, Bui, 2004). Companies are aware of this fact, and the management of such enterprises have been in the forefront in embracing improved information system management and practices (Sousa Oz, 2015). 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Is Plea For The Criminal Justice System - 1455 Words

The question of â€Å"whether Plea deals are at all effective or do they just erode the criminal justice system?† has been raised for some time now. Plea bargaining has been closely scrutinized for many years by individuals who believe in justice being served within our courtrooms and fair-mindedness. I believe that plea bargains not only cripple and deteriorate our justice system but it negates justice altogether. My reasoning’s for disagreeing with Canada’s plea bargaining is people are being pressured to plead guilty while being innocent to only be later exonerated when the prosecutors, and officers say fit to do the thorough investigation. It all comes down to whose lawyer get them the better deal, and in the midst of all of this the victim is forgotten, not valued or not cared for. I for one believes that there are many flaws present when it come to working out plea deals, for one many accused whom are innocent are pressured and or don’t feel they are able to win at trial because their own lawyers show lack of faith by even bringing forth a plea deal often feel backed into pleading guilty for a lesser charge. Secondly it comes down to whose lawyer is a better negotiation rather than winning the case at trial and having justice prevail. Finally in the process of plea bargains no one seems to take the victim(s) into consideration, they are no longer involved in the proce ss. 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Everyday people who otherwise would have beenRead MorePlea-Bargains: Currency of the Courts An Examination of the Effectiveness of Plea-Bargain Within our Court Systems1477 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Rahim Jaffer case heads for plea-bargain†; former Alberta MP Rahim Jaffer was being charged on cocaine possession and drunk-driving charges; his case was likely to be resolved with a plea-bargain agreement (Makin, 2010). This is but one case of many that are settled though a plea-bargain agreement. Plea-bargaining can take the for m of a sentence reduction, a withdrawal or stay of other charges, or, a promise not proceed on other charges, in exchange for a guilty plea by an accused. During discussionRead MorePlea Bargain1613 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years plea bargaining has become the way for the Administration of Justice in America and Canada’s criminal trials. Accused criminals are giving up the rights to a fair trial, to indeed plead guilty, in order to receive a much lesser charge, more comfortable prison, or even to agree to testify against someone else. Fewer than ten percent of criminal cases brought up by the federal government even make it to the federal courts to be tried before juries each year. â€Å"According to one legalRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Plea Bargaining1302 Words   |  5 PagesPlea Bargaining: Even though plea bargaining is regarded as an imperfect way for dispensing justice, it still holds an undecided position in the criminal justice system. This is mainly because this concept does not necessarily represent mutual satisfaction or recognition of the merits and demerits of the charges and defenses in court cases. While it may take place any time before a verdict is presented in certain jurisdictions, plea bargaining tends to occur before trial. Actually, most of theRead MoreThe Crime Control Method : Plea Bargaining1126 Words   |  5 PagesControl Method: Plea Bargaining Renee Gainey The University of Alabama â€Æ' Abstract The criminal justice system acts on the crime control model; which focuses on the arrest, prosecution, and finally the conviction of criminals. Plea-bargaining exists in this model today as it speeds the process of a trial and conviction. With pleading guilty, criminals skip the process of a trial and faces their punishment. There are some benefits and negative aspects that come along with the practice of plea-bargainingRead MorePlea Bargaining : An Effective Tool1684 Words   |  7 PagesPlea-bargaining is one of the most controversial aspects of the American legal process. While some individuals regard plea-bargaining as an effective tool used to ensure justice, others consider it fundamentally unconstitutional. Plea-bargaining is a process in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a charge in exchange for either a reduced sentence or a lesser charge. The process is extremely private and judges typically have very little influence over the negotiation. Most frequently, theRe ad MorePlea Bargaining Should Be Legal1587 Words   |  7 PagesCanadian courts, plea bargaining can be found to be a major aspect of the system, in addition, to perhaps even being a vital aspect of the courts. Nevertheless, the mere existence of plea bargaining has been long debated in criminal law across the world, thus, the objective of this essay will be to depict whether plea bargaining should be continued to be allowed to exist, or if plea bargaining should be abolished entirely. To accomplish the task at hand; I shall firstly, define plea bargaining and

Effective Digital Currency Solution for Future

Question: Describe about the Effective Digital Currency Solution for Future. Answer: Introduction The Issue selected is to explore that Bitcoin is an effective digital currency solution for future. In order to explore this issue, 2 articles have been selected out of the many researched for the purpose of this paper. In order to complete this paper, the selected articles have been summarized with focus over stating how this article is related to the issue. Further, an evaluation table has been presented. This table outlines the evaluation of both the selected articles with regard to assessing their relevance, reliability, accuracy, biasness, how complete they are and whether there was timeliness in both or not. Then the evaluation is summarize in a brief paragraph. Articles selection There were four articles selected to depict how Bit Coin is a positive attribute in the platform of digital currency. The most appropriate two articles from these 4 have then been selected. Article 1: Peng, S., 2013, Bitcoin: Cryptography, Economics and the future, Journal of engineering and applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Vol 1 (2), pp 29-40 Article 2: Bohme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., and Moore, T., 2015, Bitcoin: Economics, Technology and Governance, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol 29 (2), pp 213-238 Article 3: Richter, C., Kraus, S., and Bouncken, R.B., 2015, Virtual currencies like Bitcoin as a paradigm shift in the field of transactions, Journal of international business and economics research, Vol 14 (4), pp 575- 583 Article 4: Barber, S., Boyen, X., Shi, E., and Uzun, E., 2014, Bitter to Better- How to make Bitcoin a better currency, Journal of economics and management sciences, Vol 2 (1), pp 430-514 Out of these 4, the ones selected are those which will offer maximum insight into the issue at investigation. Summary of the articles Richter, C., Kraus, S., and Bouncken, R.B., 2015, Virtual currencies like Bitcoin as a paradigm shift in the field of transactions, Journal of international business and economics research, Vol 14 (4), pp 575- 583 Main Points The key point made in this article is the fact that virtual currencies have been cited and discussed properly in the past. Because of trust based inadequacy within the sector of banking and capital inadequacy threat in conjunction with lower rates of interest and current currencies uncertainty, the virtual currency ground has been provided (Handlsbaltt 2014). The article further entails that currencies in the virtual environment along with the flow of money are only controlled over the web through volunteers from anonymous groups wherein there is documentation of each transaction (Hanley 2013). 10,000 businesses across the world have accepted payments already in the form of Bitcoin and their number has been steadily on a rise. The article from this perspective looks at the better side of virtual currencies by comparing it with real money and provides an outlook to the system of new banking with higher transparency and the option of leading towards a shift of paradigm in the transacti on and banking world. Relation of the article to the issue The article provides sufficient information on the benefits of virtual currencies in the form of Bitcoin. This information has provided insight on how transparency can be brought forward through these benefits. Also, succinct literature review has collected information from diverse sources which have all supported the benefits of using Bit coins (Guo et al 2013). The aim in the paper has been to build an overview of scientific nature over the Virtual currency emerging topic with unique scope over their challenges as well as opportunities through a detailed review means of the literature from the years 2000-2014 (Heisse 2014). Also, the article describes the way in which Virtual currencies have been proving beneficial in terms of economic advantage, law based advantage, IT technology and innovativeness. The article also talks about how evolution within the bit coin field has taken place from scholarly articles only informing on a single view of the story and now this has shifted to vi ewing Bitcoin from all its angles in order to make it work. Barber, S., Boyen, X., Shi, E., and Uzun, E., 2014, Bitter to Better- How to make Bitcoin a better currency, Journal of economics and management sciences, Vol 2 (1), pp 430-514 Main Points According to this article, Bitcoin is a currency with digital distribution which has gained attraction from users substantially. The article has indulged in performing an investigation of in-depth nature for understanding what has resulted in making Bitcoin a success while research of decade long nature over e-cash cryptography has yet not lead towards a deployment at larger scale. The article asks questions on how this currency can become a proper candidate for a stable currency in the long term (Huang 2013). When doing this, several problems and Bitcoin attacks have been identified in order to understand how these issues can be dealt with and suitable techniques have been proposed to address these issues (Bohme et al 2015). The article also states how the Bitcoin system came into being. Relation of the article to the issue The article is related to the issue in the most direct manner. The article along with describing the issues of Bitcoin helps in indicating the way in which a difference can be brought to the system by addressing the issues (Barber et al 2014). It provides strategies to make Bitcoin positively sustainable in the long term. Use of examples have also helped in understanding the key benefit that this system has to offer in the future (Peng 2013). Therefore it is related to the issue at investigation (Andrychowicz et al 2013). For example, it helps in understanding the system of standardized transfer method. This method helps in illustrating how to make use of scripting language based on stacks for designating and enforcing the transfer recipient (Ateniese et al 2014). Through this the standard transaction of Bitcoin is studied from the sense it is used for transfer. Evaluation Table Article 1 Article 2 Relevance The article depicts to use new currency with acceptance as well as faith leading towards immediately increasing the centralized authority within the leading domain (Richter et al 2015). The article is also one of its kind wherein benefits and disadvantages have been listed in a scientific manner through use of academic world based current sources. The advantages and disadvantages overview have served as an initial step for delivering a detail in picture. The positive side of Bitcoin have not only been explored in the article but it has looked at exploring the key negative sides in order to provide strategies to improve these (Barber et al 2014). From this perspective, the articles relevance is brought to the forefront because it looks at evaluating the way in which Bitcoin can be made as a suitable platform for virtual currency usage in future. Reliability The reliability is conveyed from the fact that the article is published within the journal of business and economics research (Richter et al 2015). This articles reliability is conveyed from it being published by the Financial Cryptography and Data Security system by Springer (Barber et al 2014). Accuracy Many sources were utilized within the paper. The articles used were many in number and each was related to the discussion. Lack of Bias Scientific viewpoint was communicated without leaving scope for any skeptical assertions (Richter et al 2015). There was no personal viewpoint within the article. Completeness The information completeness was highlighted from the fact that there were several sections such as introduction to conclusion section with future research recommendations as well (Richter et al 2015). This article does not provide information on its limitation and future research (Barber et al 2014). Timeliness Comparatively this is more updated as it was published in the year 2015 (Richter et al 2015). 2014 is its publishing date and this depicts its updated-ness (Barber et al 2014) Evaluation Summary From the table, it can be depicted that even though both the articles fared well in terms of the criterion on which they were evaluated. The best article from the two selected was the first article in the table (Richter et al 2015). It was not only more updated but also complete. Its relevance was also more in comparison to the second article. Conclusion From this paper, it can be concluded that Bitcoin can be made as a positive medium for future based virtual currencies. This medium can be used without threats however several strategies have to be put into place. Both the articles researched and evaluated have helped in formulating this conclusion. References Andrychowicz, M., Dziembowski, S., Malinoswki, D., Mazurek, L., 2013, Fair Two-Party Computations via Bitcoin Deposits? IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, 837. Ateniese, G., Faonio, A., Magri, B., de Medeiros, B., 2014, Certified bitcoins. Paper presented at the Applied Cryptography and Network Security. Barber, S., Boyen, X., Shi, E., and Uzun, E., 2014, Bitter to Better- How to make Bitcoin a better currency, Journal of economics and management sciences, Vol 2 (1), pp 430-514 Bohme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., and Moore, T., 2015, Bitcoin: Economics, Technology and Governance, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol 29 (2), pp 213-238 Guo, J., Xie, M., 2013, Achieving Satisfied Virtual Exchange Rates through Multiple-Stage Virtual Money Supply. Paper presented at the International Conference on In Cyberworlds. Handelsbaltt, L., 2014, Zahlen wir bei Ebay bald mit digitalem Geld? , 31.08.2014, from https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/it-medien/einfuehrung-von-bitcoins-zahlen-wir-bei-ebay-baldmit-digitalem-geld/10338526.html Hanley, B. P., 2013, The False Premises and Promises of Bitcoin. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.2048, 1-32. Heisse, D., 2014, Studie stellt Verlust bei Mt. Gox in Zweifel. Retrieved 01.09.2014, from ttp://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Studie-stellt-Bitcoin-Verlust-bei-Mt-Gox-in-Zweifel-2156255.html Huang, D. Y., 2013, Profit-driven abuses of virtual currencies. Peng, S., 2013, Bitcoin: Cryptography, Economics and the future, Journal of engineering and applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Vol 1 (2), pp 29-40 Richter, C., Kraus, S., and Bouncken, R.B., 2015, Virtual currencies like Bitcoin as a paradigm shift in the field of transactions, Journal of international business and economics research, Vol 14 (4), pp 575- 583

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